This are the investigations needed to reach diagnosis in a case of bronchogenic carcinoma , and its differential diagnosis (DDx) .
• X- ray shows :
- Coin shadow - Cavity, collapse.
- Mediastinum mass - Diaphragmatic paralysis
- Effusion - Rib erosion
• CT scan chest
• Sputum examination (cytology) for malignant cells, this may be helpful in patients who are not fit for bronchoscopy.
• Bronchoscopy : biopsy and bronchial brush samples, also it can assess the proximity of central tumours to the main carina.
• L. N biopsy from scalene pad of fat .
• Mediastinoscopy ( for local extension)
• Pleural biopsy in patients with pleural effusion.
• If bronchoscopy fails to obtain a cytological diagnosis, percutaneous needle biopsy under CT guidance may be helpful in patients with peripheral tumours.
• Laboratory investigations for paramaliganant syndrome .
• Pneumonia
• T.B.
• Pulmonary infarction
• Other causes of pleural effusion & mediastinal syndrome .
Important articles to read :
• Manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma (clinical picture)
Investigations
• X- ray shows :
- Coin shadow - Cavity, collapse.
- Mediastinum mass - Diaphragmatic paralysis
- Effusion - Rib erosion
• CT scan chest
• Sputum examination (cytology) for malignant cells, this may be helpful in patients who are not fit for bronchoscopy.
• Bronchoscopy : biopsy and bronchial brush samples, also it can assess the proximity of central tumours to the main carina.
• L. N biopsy from scalene pad of fat .
• Mediastinoscopy ( for local extension)
• Pleural biopsy in patients with pleural effusion.
• If bronchoscopy fails to obtain a cytological diagnosis, percutaneous needle biopsy under CT guidance may be helpful in patients with peripheral tumours.
• Laboratory investigations for paramaliganant syndrome .
Differential diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma
• Lung abscess.• Pneumonia
• T.B.
• Pulmonary infarction
• Other causes of pleural effusion & mediastinal syndrome .
Important articles to read :
• Manifestations of Bronchogenic carcinoma (clinical picture)