Home

Types of bone fractures and difference between fracture, dislocation and sublaxation

What is the difference between fracture, dislocation, Fracture dislocation and sublaxation ? 

- Fracture : discontinuity of bone.
- Dislocation : disruption of the continuity of a joint.   " joint surfaces are no longer in continuity".

- Subluxation : partial disruption of the continuity of a joint.  " Joint surfaces are still opposed."
- Fracture dislocation : dislocation together with a fracture of one or more of the bones forming the joint.

What are the types of bone fracture ?

greenstick-tibia-fracture
According to Etiology

1. Traumatic fracture (major trauma):

. Direct: fracture occurs at the point of trauma. e.g. crush fracture.
. lndirect :
- Avulsion e.g. patella (due to separation of long process with its attached muscles as a result of sudden undue movement).
- Angulation. 
- Rotation.
- Compression " Burst fracture" e.g. vertebra.

2. Patholoqical fracture:

* A minor trauma to already weakened bone by pre-existing disease, by a degree
of stress or trauma . . The disease may be local e.g. metastasis or generalized e.g. osteoporosis.

3. Stress fracture (Fatigue fractures):

* Fractures that occur 2ry to repeated loads applied to the skeleton e.g. harsh fracture in 2nd & 3rd
metatarsal bones due to prolonged walking.
According to relation to surrounding structures
1 . Closed (simple) fracture: does not communicate with the exterior environment
2. Open (compound) facture: communicates with the exterior environment or body cavity e.g. skull fracture communicating with air sinus.
3. Complicated fracture: there is associated damage to nerve, blood vessels or internal structure.

According to Shape of Fracture Line
1. Transverse (angle < 30o ). 
2. Oblique (angle r30o ).
3. Spiral.
4. Comminuted = > 2 fragments.
5. Double level fracture or segmental fracture.
6. Epiphyseal separation
types-bone-fractures
According to extent
1. Gomplete fracture.
2. lncomplete fracture:
- Fissure fracture: incomplete fracture in adult bone. 
- Greenstick fracture: incomplete fracture in child (soft bones & thick periosteum.).
- Compression fracture.
According to lmpaction
1. Non-impacted.
2. lmpacted:
- A fragment is driven into the other fragment.
- Mainly occurs in epiphyseal areas e.g. with Colles'fracture.
According to stability
1. Stable fracture: unlikely to displace further.
2. Unstable fracture: will continue to displace further, if action isn't taken to keep the fracture secure.
Types of bone fractures and difference between fracture, dislocation and sublaxation
Dr.Tamer Mobarak

Comments

No comments
Post a Comment
    google-playkhamsatmostaqltradent